Data Interpretation

Refer to the table and answer the given questions.
NA refers the data which is not needed for a particular question. The price details of 5 products are given below and some of them are missing. Take the data of the First row for the first question and the second row for the second question and so on.

1. Rahul purchased a mobile and sold it for a loss (loss % given in the table). From that money, he purchased another article and sold it for a gain of (Profit % given in the table). What is the overall gain or loss?
   • Profit of ₹ 21
   • Profit of ₹ 24
   • Loss of ₹ 21
   • Loss of ₹ 24

Answer
CP = 8400
SP = 8400 × 95/100 = 7980
CP = 7980
SP = 7980 × 105/100 = 8379
Difference = 8379 – 8400 = 21 Loss
So, Option C

2. A, B and C invests ₹ 8.000. 12.000 and 10,000 respectively in a business. At the end of the year the balance sheet shows a loss of initial investment. Find the share of loss of B.
   • 4000
   • 4500
   • 4800
   • 5000

Answer
Total loss after one year = 30000 * 40/100 = 12000
Share of B = 6/15 * 12000= 4800
Note:
Ratio A : B : C
8 : 12 : 10
4 : 6 : 5
So, Option C

3. A Shopkeeper sells two bags for ₹ 500 each. On one, he gets % profit (as per the table) and on the other he gets % loss (as per the table). His profit or loss in the entire transaction was?
   • 64/25 % Gain
   • 49/25 % Gain
   • 64/25 % Loss
   • 49/25 % Loss

Answer
% = x
Loss % = x²/100 = 14²/100
= 196/100 = 49/25%
So, Option D

4. The price of TV was marked up by % (as per the table). It was sold at a discount of 20% on the marked price. What was the profit percent of the cost price?
   • 10%
   • 11%
   • 15%
   • 12%

Answer
40 – 20 + [40 – (–20)/100] = 20 – 8 = 12%
So, Option D

5. Preethi sold a machine to Shalini at a profit of % (as per table). Shalini sold this machine to Arun at a loss of % (as per table). If Preethi paid ₹5000 for this machine, then find the cost price of machine for Arun?
   • 6200
   • 5200
   • 4800
   • 4750

Answer
R₁ = 30% R₂ = 20%
5000 × 130/100 × 80/100 = ₹ 5200
So, Option D

Railway Distance. Time Taken and Speed of Train Between New Delhi to Bhubaneswar

Railway Timetable: New Delhi – Bhubaneswar Rajdhani Express

1. The longest run for the train between the two successive halts is
   • Mughal Sarai JN – Gaya JN
   • New Delhi – Kanpur Central
   • Kanpur Central – Mughal Sarai JN
   • Balasore – Bhadrak

Answer
With the run is of 440 km, the longest run is between New Delhi – Kanpur Central.
So, Option B

2. The average speed that the train maintained between two successive stations was the highest between
   • Kanpur Central – Mughal Sarai JN
   • Mughal Sarai JN – Gaya JN
   • New Delhi – Kanpur Central
   • Bokaro Steel City – Tatanagar JN

Answer
The average speed of 93.22 km/h is the highest between New Delhi – Kanpur Central.
So, Option C

3. The average speed that the train maintained between New Delhi and Bhubaneswar was nearly equal to
   • 72 km/h
   • 74 km/h
   • 75 km/h
   • 82 km/h

Answer
The average speed that the train maintained between New Delhi and Bhubaneswar = 1800 km/24 hrs. = 75 km/h.
So, Option C

4. If we consider a journey that begins in New Delhi and ends in Bhubaneswar, the train has the longest halt at
   • Kanpur Central
   • Mughal Sarai JN
   • Tata Nagar JN
   • Kharagpur JN

Answer
The train has the longest halt of 15 minutes at Kharagpur JN.
So, Option D

5. The train begins its return journey from Bhubaneswar to New Delhi Seventeen hours after it has arrived at Bhubaneswar. If the train left New Delhi on Tuesday on what day will it journey have returned to New Delhi? (Assume that on the return that train maintains the same average speed as on the onward journey).
   • • Thursday
     • Friday
     • Saturday
     • Sunday

Answer
Friday
So, Option B.

Study the following table to answer the 5 questions that are given below it.

1. The ratio between the total expenditure on taxes for all the years and the total expenditure on Fuel and Transport for all the years respectively is approximately :
   • 4 : 7
   • 10 : 13
   • 15 : 18
   • 5 : 8

Answer
Required Ratio = (83 + 108 + 74 + 88 + 98)/(98 + 112 + 101 + 133 + 142)
= 451/586 =  1/1.3 = 10/13
So, Option B

2. The total expenditure of the Company over these items during the year 2016 is
   • ₹ 544.44 Lakhs
   • ₹ 501.11 Lakhs
   • ₹ 446.46 Lakhs
   • ₹ 487.87 Lakhs

Answer
Total expenditure of the Company during 2016
= ₹ (324 + 101 + 3.84 + 41.6 + 74) Lakhs
= ₹ 544.44 Lakhs
So, Option A

3. What is the average amount of interest per year which the Company had to pay during this period?
   • ₹ 36.66 Lakhs
   • ₹ 32.43 Lakhs
   • ₹ 33.72 Lakhs
   • ₹ 35.69 Lakhs

Answer
Average amount of interest paid by the Company during the given period
= ₹ [(23.4 + 32.5 + 41.6 + 36.4 + 49.4)/5] Lakhs
= ₹ (183.3/5) lakhs = ₹ 36.66 Lakhs.
So, Option A

4. Total expenditure on all these items in 2014 was approximately what percent of the total expenditure in 2018?
   • 62 %
   • 69 %
   • 71 %
   • 73 %

Answer
Required percentage is
= [(288 + 98 + 3.00 + 23.4 + 83)/(420 + 142 + 3.96 + 49.4 + 98) × 100] %
= 495.4/713.36 * 100%  = 69.45%
So, Option B

5. The total amount of bonus paid by the Company during the given period is approximately what percent of the total amount of salary paid during this period?
   • 0.1 %
   • 1 %
   • 1.11%
   • 1.25 %

Answer
Required percentage is
= [(3.00 + 2.52 + 3.84 + 3.68 + 3.96)/(288 + 342 + 324 + 336 + 420) * 100]%
= 17/1710 * 100% = 1%
So, Option B

1. NIC (National Informatic Centre) Data centers head office established in
   a) Mumbai
   b) Bangalore
   c) Delhi
   d) Chennai
   Answer
   NIC has set up state-of-the-art National Data Centers at NIC Headquarter Delhi, Pune and Hyderabad and 3 small data centers at various state capitals to provide services to the Government at all levels.
   So, Option C.

2. Mapping of Data is :
   a) Create of Data by Maps
   b) Representation of Data
   c) Copy of Data
   d) Transfer if Data
   Answer
   Representation of Data by Maps is Called Mapping.
   So, Option D.

3. Data Scrubbing is :
   a) As a comprehensive approach to data management to ensure quality, integrity, accessibility, and security of the data.
   b) Updating of data management strategies to ensure that the data are accurate, relevant, timely, and complete for the purposes they are intended to be used.
   c) The process of amending or removing data in a database that is incorrect, incomplete, improperly formatted, or duplicated
   d) None of These
   Answer
   Data Scrubbing is also known as Data Cleaning. It is the process of amending or removing data in a database that is incorrect, incomplete, improperly formatted, or duplicated.
   So, Option C.

4. The draft personal data protection Bill 2018 was presented to
   a) The Ministry of Electronic and Information Technology
   b) The Ministry of the Corporate Affairs
   c) The Ministry of Information and Broadcasting
   d) The Ministry of Home Affairs
   Answer
   The draft personal data protection Bill 2018 was presented to the Ministry of Electronic and Information Technology on 27 July 2018. It is submitted by the Justice B.N. Srikrishna-headed expert panel has proposed that critical personal data of Indian citizens be processed in centers located within the country.
   So, Option A.

5. NASSCOM refers to :
a) The National Association of Service & Software Companies
b) The National Association of Sendee & Software Corporation
c) The National Association of Software & Service Companies
d) The National Association of Software & Sendee Corporation
 Answer
The National Association of Service & Software Companies (“NASSCOM”) is India’s national informal – technology trade group and has been the driving force behind many private sector efforts to improve data security.
So, Option A.

PART 1: TABLE ANALYSIS

FOCUS: ANALYZING FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND MARKET DATA.

\begin{aligned}
&\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|}
\hline \text { Year } & \text { Revenue } & \text { Operating Expenses } & \text { Interest Expense } \\
\hline 2023 & 500 & 350 & 20 \\
\hline 2024 & 600 & 420 & 25 \\
\hline 2025 & 750 & 500 & 30 \\
\hline
\end{array}\\
\end{aligned}

CALCULATE THE NET PROFIT FOR 2023 (REVENUE – ALL EXPENSES).
Answer: 130 Million.

WHAT IS THE PERCENTAGE GROWTH IN REVENUE FROM 2023 TO 2025?
Answer: 50%.

WHAT WAS THE OPERATING MARGIN (OPERATING PROFIT / REVENUE) IN 2025?
Answer: 33.33% ($250/750$).

WHICH YEAR HAD THE HIGHEST INTEREST-TO-REVENUE RATIO?
Answer: 2024 ($25/600 \approx 4.16\%$).

IF REVENUE IS PROJECTED TO GROW BY 20% IN 2026, WHAT WILL BE THE NEW REVENUE?
Answer: 900 Million.

PART 2: BAR & LINE CHARTS

FOCUS: GROWTH TRENDS AND COMPARISONS.

IN A BAR CHART SHOWING THE MARKET SHARE OF 4 INSURERS: A (30%), B (25%), C (20%), D (?). WHAT IS D’S SHARE?
Answer: 25%.

IF THE TOTAL MARKET SIZE IS 2 BILLION, WHAT IS COMPANY A’S REVENUE IN DOLLARS?
Answer: 600 Million.

LINE GRAPH ANALYSIS: IF A STOCK PRICE GOES FROM 100 TO 150 IN YEAR 1, THEN FALLS TO 120 IN YEAR 2, WHAT IS THE % DROP IN YEAR 2?
Answer: 20%.

STACKED BAR CHART: IF A COMPANY’S TOTAL REVENUE IS 1M AND THE “INSURANCE” SEGMENT IS 40% OF THE BAR, HOW MUCH IS THE OTHER SEGMENTS?
Answer: 600,000.

IN A LINE GRAPH, IF THE “CORRELATION” BETWEEN TWO STOCKS IS -1, HOW DO THEY MOVE?
Answer: In exactly opposite directions.

PART 3: PIE CHARTS

FOCUS: ALLOCATION AND CENTRAL ANGLES.

IN A PORTFOLIO PIE CHART, EQUITY IS 144°. WHAT PERCENTAGE OF THE PORTFOLIO IS EQUITY?
Answer: 40%. ($144/360 \times 100$).

IF THE TOTAL PORTFOLIO IS $500,000, HOW MUCH IS INVESTED IN EQUITY?
Answer: 200,000.

IF THE “BOND” SECTION OF THE PIE CHART IS 20% AND IT DOUBLES, WHILE OTHERS STAY THE SAME, WHAT IS THE NEW TOTAL PERCENTAGE (RELATIVE)?
Answer: 33.33%. (New total is 120, Bond is 40).

WHAT IS THE RATIO OF A 90° SECTOR TO A 45° SECTOR?
Answer: 2:1.

IF A PIE CHART SHOWS EXPENSES: RENT (30%), SALARY (50%), MISC (?). WHAT IS THE ANGLE FOR MISC?
Answer: 72°. (20% of 360).

PART 4: CASELETS & LOGICAL DI

FOCUS: EXTRACTING DATA FROM PARAGRAPHS.

CASELET:
IN A FIRM OF 200 EMPLOYEES, 40% ARE ACTUARIES, 30% ARE CAS, AND THE REST ARE MBA INTERNS. 50% OF ACTUARIES ARE FEMALE, WHILE 60% OF CAS ARE MALE.

HOW MANY MBA INTERNS ARE IN THE FIRM?
Answer: 60.

WHAT IS THE TOTAL NUMBER OF FEMALE ACTUARIES?
Answer: 40. (50% of 80).

HOW MANY FEMALE CAS ARE THERE?
Answer: 24. (40% of 60).

WHAT IS THE RATIO OF ACTUARIES TO MBAS?
ANSWER: 4:3.

IF 10 MBAS LEAVE, WHAT IS THE NEW TOTAL EMPLOYEE COUNT?
Answer: 190.

PART 5: COMBINED CHART ANALYSIS

SCENARIO: A COMPANY’S PROFIT AND LOSS OVER 5 YEARS.

DATA SET: (VALUE IN DOLLARS)

2021: REVENUE 100M, COST 80M

2022: REVENUE 120M, COST 90M

2023: REVENUE 150M, COST 110M

2024: REVENUE 180M, COST 140M

2025: REVENUE 200M, COST 150M

IN WHICH YEAR WAS THE PROFIT MARGIN (PROFIT/REVENUE) THE HIGHEST?
Answer: 2023 (Margin = 26.6%).

WHAT IS THE AVERAGE REVENUE OVER THE 5 YEARS?
Answer: 150M.

WHAT IS THE PERCENTAGE INCREASE IN COST FROM 2021 TO 2025?
Answer: 87.5% ($70/80$).

IF THE TAX RATE IS 20% ON PROFIT, WHAT WAS THE TAX PAID IN 2025?
Answer: 10M. ($50M \times 0.20$).

WHAT IS THE RATIO OF TOTAL REVENUE TO TOTAL COST FOR THE PERIOD?
Answer: 75:57 or 25:19.

SCENARIO: A PIE CHART OF INVESTMENT PORTFOLIOS (A, B, C, D)

A: EQUITY (35%), B: DEBT (25%), C: GOLD (20%), D: REAL ESTATE (20%)

IF THE TOTAL INVESTMENT IS 1 MILLION, HOW MUCH IS IN GOLD?
ANSWER: 200,000.

WHAT IS THE CENTRAL ANGLE FOR THE “EQUITY” SECTOR?
Answer: $126^\circ$. ($0.35 \times 360$).

IF EQUITY GROWS BY 20% AND DEBT REMAINS SAME, WHAT IS THE NEW RATIO OF EQUITY TO DEBT?
Answer: 42:25.

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE IN DEGREES BETWEEN DEBT AND REAL ESTATE?
Answer: $18^\circ$. ($5\% \text{ of } 360$).

IF THE INVESTOR SELLS HALF OF THEIR GOLD, WHAT IS THE NEW % OF GOLD IN THE PORTFOLIO?
Answer: 11.11%. (10 out of 90).

PART 6: CASELETS & LOGIC-BASED DI

CASELET: THE INSURANCE AGENCY

AN AGENCY HAS 500 CLIENTS. 200 HAVE LIFE INSURANCE (L), 150 HAVE HEALTH INSURANCE (H), AND 100 HAVE MOTOR INSURANCE (M). 50 HAVE BOTH L & H, 30 HAVE BOTH H & M, AND 20 HAVE ALL THREE.

HOW MANY CLIENTS HAVE ONLY LIFE INSURANCE?
Answer: 150.

HOW MANY CLIENTS HAVE AT LEAST TWO TYPES OF INSURANCE?
Answer: 60. (50+30-20 overlap logic).

WHAT PERCENTAGE OF CLIENTS HAVE ALL THREE?
Answer: 4%. ($20/500$).

HOW MANY CLIENTS HAVE NO INSURANCE AMONG THESE THREE?
Answer: 120. ($500 – [\text{Total Unique}]$).

WHAT IS THE RATIO OF LIFE-ONLY TO HEALTH-ONLY CLIENTS?
Answer: 15:7.

SHORT LOGIC DI QUESTIONS

A COMPANY’S SALES DOUBLE EVERY YEAR. IF SALES WERE 1M IN 2020, WHAT ARE THEY IN 2024?
Answer: 16M.

IN A BAR CHART, IF THE HEIGHT OF BAR A IS 20CM (REPRESENTING 400) AND BAR B IS 15CM, WHAT DOES BAR B REPRESENT?
Answer: 300.

IF A LINE GRAPH SHOWS A 45-DEGREE UPWARD SLOPE, WHAT IS THE GROWTH RATE?
Answer: Constant/Linear.

CALCULATE THE WEIGHTED AVERAGE RETURN: 60% IN ASSET A (10% RETURN) AND 40% IN ASSET B (5% RETURN).
Answer: 8%.

WHAT IS THE “MEDIAN” SALES VALUE IF MONTHLY SALES ARE: 10, 20, 15, 40, 35?
Answer: 20.

IF THE PRICE-TO-EARNINGS (P/E) RATIO IS 20 AND EARNINGS ARE 5, WHAT IS THE STOCK PRICE?
Answer: 100.

IN A PIE CHART, IF ‘MARKETING’ IS 2M AND ‘R&D’ IS 6M, WHAT IS THE ANGLE OF ‘R&D’?
Answer: $270^\circ$. (If these are the only two).

IF THE TOTAL SUM OF 10 OBSERVATIONS IS 500, WHAT IS THE MEAN?
Answer: 50.

IF A STOCK GOES FROM 10 TO 100, WHAT IS THE PERCENTAGE INCREASE?
Answer: 900%.

IF DIVIDEND PER SHARE IS 2 AND MARKET PRICE IS 40, WHAT IS THE DIVIDEND YIELD?
Answer: 5%.